A Rose For A Slave Girl By Harriett Jacobs Essay - 1260 Words

Jacobs, Harriet A., Lydia Maria Child, and Jean Fagan. Yellin. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1987. Print. Incidents in the life of a slave girl, is the authors autobiography of slavery. This book by Harriett Jacobs tells her story through her eyes from the suffering of enslavement by a territorial master, failed attempts to escape, and preservation of her family. These events took place between 1813-1897 in North Carolina, where slaves were property and slave owners did what they wanted; when they wanted with their property. She explains her cruel treatment as an African American slave and how she used her sexuality to her advantage against her master. In reviewing this book, Jacobs failed to go into great detail about her intimate slave-master relationship. She pacified her enslavement, by presenting little to no information about the slaves’ hardships in depth. She was not as descriptive nor did the book highlight the main parts of slavery. Harriet Jacobs was born in North Carolina, along with her younger brother, William. Born as a slave, their mother and father died when she was young. Her grandmother raised the siblings and Jacobs worked for a mistress, Mrs. Margaret, where she was taught how to read and write. Mrs. Margaret was the little girls’ first mistress and she worked hard for her until she passed way when she was twelve years old. In hopes of being freed; Mrs. Margaret left her to Dr.Show MoreRelatedSlavery During The 19th Century1780 Words   |  8 Pagesin the 19th century. When most people hear the word slave, they picture an African American held in bondage by an English slave holder. While this may be an accurate description for many cases, a lot of different ethnic groups would paint a different picture. When the Spanish first came to America, they saw the natives as their tickets to the riches of the new world. As their greed for wealth and agricultural demand rose, the demand for slaves also began to increase. Although, as time began to revealRead MoreIroquois Confederacy9092 Words   |  37 Pagesin North Carolina, moved into the territory occupied by the Confederacy. They had rebelled against the encroachment of colonial settlers, against continual fraudulent treatment by traders, and against repeated raids that took their people for the slave trade. They suffered a terrible defeat, with hundreds of their people killed and hundreds more enslaved. Those who escaped such fates made their way north and became the sixth nation of the Iroquois Leag ue. The first half of the eighteenth century

William Shakespeare s King Lear - 1550 Words

INTRODUCTION: By facilitating the growth of evil within William Shakespeare’s King Lear, it is evident that the tragedy’s protagonist, King Lear can be held accountable for his own victimization and ultimate downfall. The most notable aspects of this self-induced victimization include Lear’s own lack of practical wisdom and divergence from the natural order, combined with the neglect of kingship, that enables Lear as a tragic hero to create the conceptual framework in which the ulterior motives of others, such as his daughters, Goneril and Regan, were able to flourish. Hence, Lear himself, is emphatically both an agent and a victim of the forces of evil â€Å"more sinned against than sinning.† This notion is further reinforced by critical works such as Irving Ribner’s book Patterns in Shakespearian Tragedy’ (1960) and Ian Johnston’s article ‘The Forces of Evil’ (1999) that to a greater extent affirm these ideals as the catalysts for the forces of evil throughout the tragedy. FIRST BODY: Idea: Lack of practical wisdom / moral blindness contributes to Lear’s ultimate downfall Shakespeare’s King Lear depicts one’s failure to logically see natural differences and hierarchical distinctions as a quintessential catalyst of evil, as the text’s protagonist, Lear, makes fundamental errors in judgement of his daughters. In saying so, such a predisposition is integrated into the text through Lear’s interactions with his three daughters at the outset of the play in Act 1 Scene 1.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1564 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is universally known for his literary output both in poetry and drama. Whether through his laugh-invoking comedies or his heart-wrenching tragedies, Shakespeare’s plays have changed the course of literature. Many of his plays about love are widely praised by all, but Shakespeare s King Lear differs from the rest due to its definition of love. King Lear serves as an battleground between deception and compassion, between flattery and honesty. Rather than focusing on romantic loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear3086 Words   |  13 PagesJerion Young Ms. Woods English IV 4 March 2015 King Lear William Shakespeare uses several literary elements in his writing, elements which are especially apparent in his play, King Lear. Shakespeare uses excellent creativity and description when writing this tragedy. â€Å"Neither has Shakespeare placed in the mouth of any other character in this play such fatalistic expressions as may be found in King Lear and occasionally elsewhere†(A.C. 2003). The way King Lear talks in this play is very evil compared toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1611 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience life-changing events that jeopardize our sense of identity and make us question how we value ourselves. Our perception of our worth can change with what we learn through our existence, much like the characters in the play King Lear by William Shakespeare. Adversity and hardship are inevitable when characters are unable to connect themselves within their own identity or find a loss of self at some point in their role. The self-awareness, an essential a spect of their role, of many ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1320 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Having strong communication skills allows one to better understand the situation at hand. Proper communication is essential to working out problems because of this reason. In the play King Lear by William Shakespeare, Lear communicating with his daughters, Gloucester communicating with his sons, and Lear communicating with Kent are all examples of failure of communication, which later lead to consequences and hardships that the characters must face. Without proper communication, people willRead MoreBlindness By William Shakespeare s King Lear2212 Words   |  9 PagesMaysoun Deeb Mr. A. T. Lebar EN4UN-04 13 July 2015 King Lear Blindness by definition, according to dictionaries, is â€Å"unable to see and lacking the sense of sight† by which King Lear, the classic tragic play written by William Shakespeare, illustrated the concept of blindness amongst his characters as the leading theme. King Lear and Gloucester were the characters that have been conflicted by this â€Å"blindness† that may or may not change their personalities in the very end of the play. Gloucester becomesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1546 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Sides to Every Person There are two sides to every story; that of the protagonist and that of the antagonist. As shown in the Shakespearean play King Lear, there is very little difference between the two. Edmund, who appears to be a villain, is more than meets the eye. His evil is a rebellion against the social order that denies him legitimacy. His villainy does not come from innate cruelty but from misdirected desire for familial love. His remorse in the end displays his humanity and blindnessRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1510 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s King Lear deals with tragic human relationship like the other tragedies of the author, but this story was written in social aspect and raises the doubtful point on legitimacy of some political systems. In this play, various characters form multi-layered kconflict relations. Thus, the story is being propelled towards tragedy due to numerous inner and outer conflicts of each character. However, as it is brought into being a charact er, Edgar in the end of the story, it implies new beginningRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1470 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Elizabethan era, making it relatable to all audiences, especially the modern audience, leaving room for multiple perspectives and understanding of the play. Shakespeare’s play ‘King Lear’, depicts the main protagonist’s ‘gradual descent into madness’ as a result of the forces of evil acting in the play for Lear has, to an extent, have sinned though it can’t outweigh that he has been sinned against. This is confirmed through Lear’s injudiciousness to see through his two eldest daughter’s internalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear 1306 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"All...shall taste the wages of their virtue...the cup of their deservings. (5.3.317-320)† King Lear is frequently regarded as one of Shakespeare’s masterpieces, and its tragic scope touches almost all facets of the human condition: from the familial tensions between parents and children to the immoral desires of power, from the follies of pride to the false projections of glory. However, one theme rings true throughout the play, and that very theme is boundless suffering, accentuated by the gruesomeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear858 Words   |  4 PagesEvery good story has a hero and a villain. The villain is usually considered to be evil and have evil intentions, but often has good hidden somewhere deep inside them. This is definitely the case for the character of Edmund in Shakespeare’s play â€Å"King Lear.† Edmund betrays and deceives both his brother Edgar and his father Gloucester in order to achieve wealth and power. While his actions are corrupt and wrong, he should not be considered as entirely evil. His personality and his social status are

Manifest Destiny Free Essays

â€Å"Manifest Destiny† is a phrase to describe the future of the United States that considerably impacted U.S. foreign policy in the 1840s and 1850s. We will write a custom essay sample on Manifest Destiny or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was coined by John O’Sullivan in the editorial in Democratic Review in 1845 where he wrote about â€Å"†manifest destiny to overspread the continent† (Wikipedia, 2006). This phrase described the expansionist foreign policy doctrine that helped America reach its present boundaries. The underlying idea of the doctrine was that the United States with its democratic system was in many ways superior to other nations. Therefore, it was morally obliged to expand in order to bring democracy and progress to new lands around. The virtue of the American nation, its superior abilities at development, and the mission to develop other neighboring parts of the continent formed the ideological basis for Manifest Destiny. At the same time, this ideology served a number of practical implications that were relevant to the US foreign policy in the 1840s and 1850s. As such, it underlay the policy of continentalism that warranted the expansion on the American continent aiming to make America stretch â€Å"from sea to shining sea†. For example, it played a role in the Oregon dispute with Great Britain in which President Polk elected in 1844 at first agreed to divide the state at the 49th parallel, but then a campaign began, claiming all Oregon to belong to the United States. In the relations with Mexico, the theme of Manifest Destiny was even more prominent. The decision of the Republic of Texas in 1836 to separate from Mexico and request entry to the United States was taken by many as evidence that the Untied States is indeed destined to â€Å"assemble† all neighboring territories. Although the Mexican-American War that started in 1846 was not successful in bringing all of Mexico under American rule, it nevertheless added California and New Mexico. For two decades, America remained concentrated on fulfilling its Manifest Destiny – annexing various territories and bringing them as states into the union. Reference Wikipedia. Manifest Destiny. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_Destiny (accessed August 22, 2006) How to cite Manifest Destiny, Essay examples Manifest destiny Free Essays Manifest is a view that gives evidence on the history of America whose boundaries changed and created a nation. Manifest destiny has no chronological periods since it is a philosophy that was and still exists. This phrase attempts to explain the territorial expansions of America and its claim to new territories. We will write a custom essay sample on Manifest destiny or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cause of expansion The rallying cry for expansion was publicized and argued throughout the nation. The doctrine was absorbed and this was a start of the expansion under the influence of Editor John L. Oa sullivan. (Jones Donald 1997) In 1818, Andrew Jackson who was the 7th president of the United States led military forces during the Florida crisis punishing the seminal Indians and captured several cities. The reasoning and moral conservations of most Americans about their leader Jackson, made their conscience to push to expansion of the American territory. . http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm Another cause was that the people the Deep South exercised their right in capturing fertile land. This was because Americans had been installed with the belief that they could own any land which they wanted. The manifest destiny term had a meaning that US destiny included imperialistic expansion and a want and need to explore new lands and borders. (Jones Donald 1997) There was the idea that America should have been the world power and this become strong after the Spanish American war. The united stated had a strong belief that it would capture the boundaries to North America. (Shenk, 2004) (Jones Donald 1997) Method of expansion With the need for fertile land Americans moved to Florida and in the Deep South, the planter class consequently took land and started setting and planting. This was an arrogant move into the Florida territories since they did not seek political approval or permission. The idea is as old as America and the philosophy went across the Atlantic to colonist and ended in the Plymouth Rock with the pilgrims. This philosophy also spread during the Great Awakening with fire and brimstone preachers. In the spread of manifest destiny ideas Roosevelt, Harrison and Captain Mahan were expansionists who advocated for the creation of America but these ideas were opposed by Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain. http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm As new territories were formed, the expansion also included extending the institution of slavery since thus was a central issue of America as a missiona. John Quincy Adams orchestrated the 1818 treaty, which resolved standing boundaries of the US and UK to the west of Rocky Mountains with joint occupation of the Oregon country. He also purchased Florida from Spain extending the border to the Pacific Ocean. (Jarnow, 2005) The U.S government wanted to expand in to the west and this would mean the legal processes of purchasing of Native America land in treaties. The expansion to the west was a success since the policy which was formulated by Henry Knox had the provision for such an expansion. (Jones Donald 1997) In the 1896 election, republicans recaptured the white house for 16 years and this promoted overseas expansion on the North American continent. This occurred as a result of the Guano islands act, Spanish American war and treaty of Berlin among others. The United States acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines Island as colonies rather than as states. (Jarnow, 2005 ). http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm Cost of expansion As a result of the expansion there were several wars such as the war on Mexico in 1846. The aggressive act with the war caused the American civil war. The Spanish America war caused legislators to annex all Spanish territories. John Quincy Adams gave a warning through the Monroe doctrine which he formulated. This doctrine warned against the European colonization of the western hemisphere which includes London, England and the United Kingdom. Peaceful and violent attempts were witnessed in the American Revolution with a target of including Canada in the US. http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm Result of expansion The war resulted in to a win of the southwestern United States. With the conquering of new lands and borders, moral, cultural, social and economic differences begun to show themselves among people, states and countries involved. The expansion through fine and brimstones preacher led to building of the first national road. (Michael, 1997) Further more with the expansion from 1815 to 1860; the United States had expanded to the Pacific Ocean and serves as continental borders in the United States today. With the Anglo American convention of 1818, thousands of Americans moved over the Oregon Trail. The British rejected a proposal in which John Tyler wanted to have forty nine parallel boundaries in the region. The British called for a boundary line further south along the Columbia River. There were different opinions that found advocated of Manifest destiny calling for the annexation of Oregon country. The democrats were for the idea of annexation of all Oregon at the time of presidential elections of James K. Polk. Polk who was a presidential candidate offered to divide the territory to 49 parallel boundaries. Meanwhile the dispute over the division of the region was finally settled with the Oregon treaty of 1846.( shenk,2004)(Richard 1991) . http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm When the sovereign state in the republic of Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836, and joined the united stated as a new state. Annexation of all Mexico meant extending the United States citizenship to Mexicans. The Mexican cession saw the addition of the Alta California and Nuevo Mexico territories to the United States. The American war of independence was a civil war that involved the kingdom of Great Britain and North American colonies. (McCartney 1992) (Salzman, 1986) European wars led to American Revolution and a continental army. The west ward expansion created a 4000 mile border between the United States and Canada which also servers as the most peaceful boundary in the world. (Jarnow, 2005), (Richard, 1991), (Feldman, 2004) The Pacific Northwest was an expansion due to an American John Jacob Astron who opened a trading post named Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River. The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of 828,000 squire miles of French territory by the United States of America. This purchase included 15 U.S states and 2 Canadian provinces Oklahoma Panhandle and south western portions of Kansas and Louisiana were still claimed by Spain and there were complains that it was unconstitutional. As a result Jefferson purchased Louisiana since France and Spain wanted to have power to block American trade access to the port of New Orleans. (Michael, 1997) (Feldman, 2004) The expansion and settlement in the western territories gave freedom to limitless land. With the spirit of manifest destiny Americans settled, planted and did farming activities in the Indian land. Manifest destiny was the reason for territorial expansion and settlement in vast tracks of land that were sparsely populated. Manifest destiny created American history and is also responsible for its independence and expansion. (Craven, 2003) Conclusion The events that occurred during the late and early 18th centuries in United States brought division in American politics. This was especially due to the manifest destiny and territorial expansion. (McCartney 1992) A great number of people were in supported these moves but politician as well as the strict constructionists did not support the ideas. In their view they understood that the constitution did not allow or give the right to acquire land and expand boundaries as per the plans and powers in governments. (Michael, 1997) (Richard 1991) Slavery was also a major issue that influenced presidential elections at that time. Following further expansion of boundaries, there was imbalance in the number of slave state and Free State representatives in congress. It was a major challenge on the senators and representatives due to emerging accusations of conspiracies by congress on Free State members. Charles Sumner thought that the southerners wanted more land to have slavery in the territories and hence become slave states. (Richard 1991) The war between Mexico and Great Britain caused fears for those who were against it. James Polk enticed Mexicans to attack and with this he use it to claim that he had defended the U.S (Shenk, 2004). The issues on slavery conflict, the unexpected election of Polk and the Mexican war brought American politics into great and weighty issues of concern. Reference: Craven W., American art: History and Culture in America, 2003. Feldman R. T. The Mexican-American War: Twenty-First Century Books, 2004. Jarnow J., Moriarty J.T. Manifest Destiny: A primary Source, History of Americas territorial expansion in the 19th century. Rosen Publishing Group. 2005 Jones H, Donald A. R.., Prologue to Manifest Destiny: Anglo-American Relations in the 1840S, Unites States: Rowman Littlefield 1997. Lubragge M. T.1994 Manifest Destiny:1/6 The Philosophy That Created A Nation     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved from http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm on Thursday,   Ã‚   April 10, 2008 McCartney J.T., Black Power Ideologies: An Essay in African-American Political Thought Temple University Press, 1992. Michael A. M. Slavery and the American West: The eclipse of Manifest Destiny. UNC press, 1997. Richard W. â€Å"It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own†; A History Of The American West. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Salzman J.,American Studies: An Annotated Bibliography: Cambridge university press, 1986. Shenk, W. R. North American Foreign Missions, 1810-1914: Theology, Theory, and Policy: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004. How to cite Manifest destiny, Essay examples

Strategic Management of Global Manufacturing Networks. Production Plan

Question: Strategic Management of Global Manufacturing Networks for Production Planning Control? Answer: Company Profile: Sainsbury Sainsbury is one of the largest retail supermarket in UK aftere Tesco is been considered. It is the longest standing food chain that was operated in the year 1869. Sainsbury is proposed to serve more than 16 million customers and have more than 800 retail stores across the country. Recently Sainsbury have resulted in high growth and development because of competitive [prices of its food products. Currently the company holds 16% market share in the UK market. Some of its major competitors are: ASDA, Tesco, Aldie, Morrison , etc. Role of external factors affecting Sainsbury: Political factors: In UK, the consumer as well as the government debts is quite high. The political factors for Sainsbury are not favorable because in UK the business conditions have a huge pressure and this also leads to impact the attitudes of the customers. Economic factors: two most important elements of economic factors are inflation in the food prices and unemployment. This will lead to demand as a result the food products will decrease. Social factors: This can be beneficial if Sainsbury could develop non food products in its value chain. This will enhance the customers because they prefer one stop shopping. There are other social factors also which have resulted to increase the female workforce and thus help in terminating the population. There was a marketing theme launched being Cook and Save that promoted the message of easy cooking (Angelis, 2014). Technological factors: technology has a positive impact on the business operations. In Sainsbury there is growth that is based on online or web based operations of the business. Sainsbury should more focus on online operational work so that it can help in expanding their overall business. Also it is estimated that Sainsburys online food delivery service is expanding. Environmental factors: It is the sole responsibility for every organization that it maintains its internal environment. Sainsbury adopted reduce, reuse, recycle approach to minimize waste and recycle whatever the team could do. Legal factors: there was a law imposed that a new tax will be imposed on highly fatty and processed foods. Sainsbury adapted to this new tax and also took initiatives to modify its products (Steiner, 2014). To review existing business plans and strategies of Sainsbury: An analysis is to be made regarding the current business plans of Sainsbury in the current market of UK. The most important goal of the company is to mainly focus in meeting customers needs. The existing business plans of Sainsbury mainly focused on contributing to customers passion more effectively so that the company is able to maximize more profit out of its customers and also Sainsbury can provide excellent results at lower prices. The company had strategized on increasing the growth of complementary non food services so that it can give the customers a one shop shopping availability and this can act as a strategy to be implemented to accelerate the growth and quality of the food products as well for its customers. The company must also review on its existing business channels and develop a strategy so that more number of stores could be opened up resulting in growth and economy of Sainsbury. In UK there were many other fresh stores that were developing in the food chain and retail market therefore it was necessary to ensure that Sainsbury could bring in some unique product differentiation so that the new stores cannot gain maximum productivity in terms of Sainsburys annual profits are being considered (Buluma, Keror Bonuke, 2013). To develop options for strategic planning of Sainsbury Sainsbury had laid upon a strong focus on its strategic planning aspect so that the management team could enhance its business effectively. Sainsbury had the strategy to increase the prices and make it under one particular pricing strategy. Asda and Tesco are the two main competitors of Sainsbury in UK. So the company can compare the prices of its food products with those two retail chains and then accordingly fix the prices of the products. The company should also focus on the ads and other promotional campaigns so that the company is able to make the message finally reach to its customers and it is speeded widely in the market (Chan Park, 2014). SWOT analysis of Sainsbury should be conducted so that it helps to differentiate it from other companies and also act as a strategic management tool. Strengths: Sainsbury is considered to be one of the largest retail food chain in UK. The company maintains an excellent staff and workforce that helps to achieve business objectives easily. Also Sainsbury as a brand provides marvelous service to its customers. The company have more than 800 supermarkets and stores in UK. Weakness: It has been found out that the prices of some food products are higher than that of its competitors in the UK market. Opportunities: Sainsbury has the opportunity to expand its business in all parts of the world with more number of retail stores running successfully and its business and growth is also expanding as a result. Threat: the biggest challenge that Sainsbury was facing was the fear of achievement from its competitors like Tesco, ASDA and Morrison. Constructing a Strategy plan for Sainsbury: Sainsbury must construct a strategic plan in the next five years so that the company is able to maximize its efficiency. Sainsbury must focus towards developing a Sustainability plan so that the company can create an environmental campaign that would act as a revolutionary step welcomed in UK and this can answer all the criticisms that Sainsbury is facing currently in the market. This plan is mainly created so that Sainsbury is able to fulfill all its obligations and the challenges faced by the company could be minimized. It can be suggested to Sainsbury to develop ways so that it can reduce the emissions of the company as well as of its brand suppliers at least by 50% (Ebner, 2014). If this is the target the company promises to build upon then by next five years the company will be able to reach sustainability towards its environment. Also the company should focus on bringing upon packaging designs that could be recycled. The products one bought from Sainsbury, after its use, the pa ckages can be recycled back so that it aids to maintain the environmental sustainability as well. Another strategic plan for Sainsbury was that the company could develop its range of products in a different quadrant altogether to bring the company towards strategic focus. The company could focus more in selling non food products such as clothing and electronics so that the company could penetrate into more diversification of its range of products. To examine factors that affect organizational strategy plan of Sainsbury: One of the most important factor that adversely affects the strategic plans of Sainsbury was its brand name and brand image that the company is been able to create over the years along with the corporate and organizational culture that was maintained at Sainsbury. All the employees of Sainsbury were very much presentable. For any big company a customer is termed as one of the key determinant that is responsible for the companys growth and sales in the future. Customers will not only see the availability of the products but will also ensure that how the product is been provided or the service been offered to the customers. For this the body language towards the customer is an important aspect that is been noticed by the customers. Good customer service will always ensure that feedback is generated to check the products satisfaction level in the minds of the consumers. There are employees that are coming from different cultural backgrounds but it is the hierarchy of Sainsbury to treat all the employees equally without any discrimination (Ercan Koksal, 2013). Plans to implement the strategy: Sainsbury being one of the largest food chain retailers mainly focuses to deliver high quality food products at competitive prices. But due to enormous competition that the company is facing the company must plan to gain an added competitive advantage through introducing loyalty benefits for the customers, using more promotional offers to tap the market potential and increase its growth (Olsen, 2012). The company should do the following to implement the plans and strategies: To receive reports regularly on the status of the fuel that is been disposed off from the main branch store. To make a daily report of current situation of the business and provide creative ideas to improve the overall business position. To receive reports on the food products, its quality been checked regularly and reports should also been made on having additional stocks of products. To make some short term plans on next months targets. To keep a review of the planning data. References: Angelis, J. (2014). Strategic management of global manufacturing networks.Production Planning Control, pp.1-2. Buluma, P., Keror, I. and Bonuke, J. (2013). Institutional Related Factors Affecting the Implementation of Strategic Plans in Local Authorities in Kenya: A Case of Municipal Council of Eldoret.IJBM, 8(10). Btner, H. (2014). A NEW METHODOLOGY ON STRATEGIC PLANNING.CBU International Conference Proceedings, 2, p.27. Chan, C. and Park, H. (2014). How images and color in business plans influence venture investment screening decisions.Journal of Business Venturing. Chok, H., Thornell, M., Maxwell, M., Wise, M. and Sainsbury, P. (2014). Population health services can influence land use planning.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38(3), pp.290-291. Ebner, D. (2014).Formal and informal strategic planning. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Ercan, T. and Koksal, A. (2013). Factors Affecting Competitive Strategies in International Construction Companies.MEGARON / Yldz Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 8(1), pp.19-28. Farsi, J. and Kalatehaei, Z. (2013). Factors affecting selection of technology commercialisation strategies: the impact of agency theory.International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 13(2), p.170. Lake, N. (2012).The strategic planning workbook. London: Kogan Page. Olsen, E. (2012).Strategic planning kit for dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Steiner, G. (2014).Strategic planning. [S.l.]: Free Press. Ziafati Bafarasat, A. (2014). Reflections on the Three Schools of Thought on Strategic Spatial Planning.Journal of Planning Literature.